|
在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!( m" c) Q* l) E. P. A" W( u
1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
# j" g, v( u& f2 c
! Q& @* [6 Y. y% Z: S The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。" D) f4 r- d. a
! e& W. d' d" d8 P1 B. p
The point to note here…7 z. I/ r' l' h, \: ?" {( l
7 a4 S! n" Y% g 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
( ?3 s7 V X# e `0 m2 o; M4 O5 c3 r+ c' s
There are three major reasons…) j- k, S2 {7 s6 n7 Y
& I" Y$ _" X8 W* {$ C 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:
/ Y- r! ^3 \; \, c( r3 y* B0 I1 N0 y3 O5 i
The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。
: e2 \1 D2 g1 g0 p9 \! F8 a
5 [# ^) ]8 g9 U: e- z O, v: e 4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:1 H& }3 K( ]! `
$ e) B' S. `, P3 k$ a; f( F" Q
Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
+ Z) d& Z; {. |% `3 a3 ~1 i& q7 m; t9 O/ E
5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:% g! m, R q$ ~% F# S2 P% v
7 B& y0 C0 B4 o! s% g$ X Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。7 x! D/ v# `- f7 [$ d3 g4 b
) u* N1 O+ Z5 k/ ~/ Y 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:; r8 ^9 F8 X2 H4 k# r2 r
! T" k, J9 Q0 x. G) y T" j
Therefore/the result. ^9 _2 l7 i t: A1 D2 A
9 o, y4 h% r" J
In conclusion/we can conclude0 _6 C, ~& t6 z9 Q# a0 V
, W. h3 q5 |! b One of the primary conclusions3 i' I! Q6 X2 ?* d4 Q* C
4 }; H- v2 `( ?0 t 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。' C1 r- z* Q9 D+ y) O
! |6 X _ \ e3 i For example/instancelike3 F1 i5 I6 A! H/ S% {: Z" p
2 s$ V& M5 j0 i/ L6 Y Such as these include
) o3 L( v, p8 M$ \
: w2 |* E4 {. S1 \2 e To illustrate among these are7 c3 r* B6 m& g: V
% i$ F# v$ R: x8 m }% `0 @9 X/ y 有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
- F2 I5 @* Y: K; C+ U+ p) j* |4 _' A t( t+ I! m
The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
t2 F8 }+ c) O w4 b+ |4 s
: L1 D! K, \) n8 [ Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…3 M, s! J6 @/ o
+ G4 c: g, U, s7 [ 在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:6 N$ |+ C" [ f% S x7 P
; L) e' m. P3 ?: y The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。- u( X+ D- @3 f$ E( h0 t' v8 [
, p6 m- }% w: I8 M( X- i1 G8 ^ Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。% q& o. {4 L+ G) ]3 x& ?
6 I5 M$ C4 L7 }
|
|